• By October 2, 1963 McNamara and General Maxwell Taylor (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) learned there were "serious political tensions in Saigon (and perhaps elsewhere in South Vietnam) where the Diem-Nhu government is becoming increasingly unpopular."
  
  
• Students did not support the government.
  
  
• Internal discontent with the South Vietnamese regime had become a "seething problem."
  
  
• "The Vietnamese people do not care who wins the war; they simply want peace."
  
  

Could South Vietnam win the war without U.S. help?

• The Viet Cong (Communist guerrillas) were "putting up a formidable fight."
  
  
• South Vietnam could not win without American assistance.
  
  
• "This is a Vietnamese war and the country and the war must, in the end, be run solely by the Vietnamese." (President Kennedy confirmed that sentiment in an interview with Walter Cronkite.)
  
  
• The "war cannot be won with the present regime."
  
  

If the Diem regime could not win the war, what was the next step? Assassination of the President, Ngo Dinh Diem.