BOSTON MASSACRE By 1770, many Americans wanted British soldiers to leave the colonies. On the 5th of March that year, a taunting mob threw hard-packed snowballs at British soldiers on duty near Boston's custom house. The soldiers fired at the crowd, killing five people. John Adams, a future U.S. president, successfully defended some of the soldiers who were tried for murder.
REMEMBER THE ALAMO The Republic of Texas declared its independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836. A few days later - on March 6 - the Alamo fell. The massacre led to the rally cry: "Remember the Alamo!" Thanks to the Texas State Archives, we have significant primary sources to study the events.
THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER If it hadn't been for Doc Beanes, Francis Scott Key may never have found himself on a Royal Navy ship while the British attacked Ft. McHenry. Had he not been on the ship, Key may not have written his famous poem (which officially became America's national anthem on March 3, 1931). Learn the story and see the famous, now-restored flag which once flew above Ft. McHenry.
REVOLUTION in RUSSIA On the 8th of March, 1917, riots in St. Petersburg caused the Tsar, Nicholas II, to lose power. It was the beginning of the Russian Revolution which ultimately took the lives of the imperial family.
BATTLE of IWO JIMA and INCENDIARY BOMBING of TOKYO Japanese defenders and American invaders fought for more than thirty days on the island of Iwo Jima. The famous battle finally ended in March of 1945. Under American control, the island was used as an air base for B-29s whose crews dropped fire bombs over Tokyo.
GENERAL MacARTHUR in AUSTRALIA On the 12th of March, 1942, General Douglas MacArthur left the Philippines for Australia where he worked closely with John Curtin, the Australian prime minister. Famously declaring that he would return to his troops, the general had been ordered to leave. He had not been told, however, that the American government was temporarily abandoning soldiers, sailors and nurses serving their country in the Philippines.
ST. PATRICK'S DAY - The Wind that Shakes the Barley The Irish people have a long history of seeking independence from Great Britain. Our story behind The Wind that Shakes the Barley provides background on the struggle, including the partition of Ireland and the resulting civil war.
BRITAIN ABOLISHES the SLAVE TRADE On the 25th of March, 1807, the British Parliament formally abolished African slave-trading. This story provides background on the beginning of slave-trading, its impact on the lives of Africans and the extraordinary efforts required to end it.
BEETHOVEN and HIS HAIR The great composer, Ludwig von Beethoven, died in Vienna on March 26, 1827. In poor health, he left behind a never-sent letter which begged his brothers to find out why he'd been so ill. Hundreds of years later, a lock of his hair provides an answer: He had severe lead poisoning!
TENERIFE - DISASTROUS AIR CRASH On March 27, 1977, people vacationing in the Canary Islands were delayed due to a terrorist attack. What happened thereafter led to the world's deadliest aviation accident.
INVENTION of COCA COLA In March of 1886, Dr. John Pemberton created a secret formula for a drink he called Coca-Cola. A few years later, he sold his rights to the product for a mere $2,000. Until 1905, the popular drink contained the cocaine alkaloid.
VIRGINIA WOOLF The author, Virginia Woolf, loved London so much she once observed: "To walk alone in London is the greatest rest." Despite her fondness for the capital, Virginia's doctors believed the stress of city life in war-torn London contributed to her illnesses. On the 28th of March, 1941, Virginia left her East Sussex home and followed the footpath to the River Ouse. She put a heavy stone into her coat pocket and walked into the water. Her body was found three weeks later.
ALASKA PURCHASE On the 30th of March, 1867, America purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. William Seward, wounded in an assassination attempt the night President Lincoln was killed, had lived long enough to see one of his greatest dreams come true. Not everyone agreed that buying Alaska made sense. To some, the purchase was known as "Seward's Folly." See the original purchase documents, including the paid "warrant."