Aviator

Howard Hughes, Sr., born in 1869 (four years after the end of the U.S. Civil War), was the second of four children. By the time of his birth, his ancestors had been in America about 250 years - ever since Jesse Hughes, an English-Welsh man, settled in Powhatan County, Virginia.

As a young man, Hughes was restless. While Robert Peary and other explorers of the 'Heroic Age' were discovering previously unknown lands on the Earth's surface, Hughes was looking underneath. What he found, in various mines, was low-grade silver in Colorado, zinc in Oklahoma (then called Indian Territory), and - in 1901 - lead in Missouri. Few people had cars, and oil was far from an indispensable commodity.

By the turn of the century, the elder Hughes had learned a few things about mining. He knew, for example, how difficult it was to drill through rock with cable tools. Captain Anthony Lucas knew that, too, but his efforts in drilling for oil near the sawmill town of Beaumont, Texas shocked the whole world when (on January 10, 1901) a stream of oil exploded 150 feet into the air. It took nine days before Lucas could cap that Texas well, soon known as Spindletop.

It took no time whatsoever for other fortune-seeking men to realize there was wealth beneath the Texas soil. Howard Hughes, Sr. was one of those men. As he later recalled:

I heard the roar [of Spindletop] in Joplin [Missouri] and made for the seat of disturbance. Beaumont in those days was no place for a divinity student. The reek of oil was everywhere...I turned greaser and sank into the thick of it. Rough neck, owner, disowner, promoter, capitalist and 'mark' - with each I can claim kin, for I have stood in the steps of each.

In those early days, Hughes could not have predicted that a device he was about to invent would change the world of oil exploration and would make him, and his family, fantastically wealthy.