Berlin had long been on the minds of Americans who worked in factories, producing war materiel. Berlin was also on the minds of U.S. government officials who directed artists to create propaganda posters. Let’s look at a few of the most interesting:
- It’s only 1000 minutes from Cheyenne [United Airlines modification center] to Berlin!
- The Fighting Plane You’re Working on TODAY ... May Be Over Berlin or Tokio NEXT WEEK!
- Bundles [bombs] for Berlin!
- The Road to Berlin Begins at Home!
Although British and American men, and products, had previously bombed Berlin, it would take
troops on the ground to capture the center of Hitler’s government. And it was
the Soviet army, without American or British assistance, which undertook the city’s final assault on the
16th of April, 1945. It is estimated that more than a million
Soviet soldiers were involved. (Don't miss the videos in this paragraph.)
During the fight for Berlin, Hitler Youth formed lines of defense in the city. Boys in that organization were as young as ten, as this 1940 poster reveals: “... All 10-year-olds into the Hitler Youth.”
On April 20 - as Soviet forces encircled the capital on Hitler’s 56th birthday - the
nearly defeated leader left his bunker to
award Iron Crosses (don't miss this video) to some of the child defenders. It was his last-known public appearance.
Five days later, the U.S. Army blew-up a swastika at the top of a Nuremberg building and, on the 30th of April, Hitler (and his new wife,
Eva Braun) committed suicide. (His nurse finally broke her silence about the last days in the bunker sixty years later).
Hitler’s last will and political testament, written the day before he shot himself, tells us that he was:
. . . resolved to remain in Berlin and there to choose death of my own will at the very moment when, as I believe the seat of the Fuehrer and Chancellor can no longer be defended. [These videos include graphic scenes of war.]
On the 2nd of May, Soviet soldiers captured the Reichstag, in Berlin, raising a Soviet flag they had made. The fight for the capital was over. After the incredible noises of battle, the city’s utter silence was “literally deafening.”
On the 7th of May, Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel, accompanied by members of the German command, signed surrender documents at a villa in Karlshorst, an eastern suburb of Berlin. People in London, Moscow, Paris and elsewhere - including smaller towns like the Cossack village of New Aleksandrovsk - celebrated VE (Victory in Europe) Day.
The end of the war, however, was not the end of troubles for Germany’s capital city. And it was just the beginning of a bad year for Field Marshall Keitel who was convicted of war crimes and hanged, in Nuremberg, on the 16th of October, 1946.