Dynamic Directory - May 17, 2025

K-19, a Soviet nuclear submarine, experiences disaster during a training exercise on July 4, 1961.

Albert Einstein is the first to understand that matter can become energy and theorizes the equation (E=mc2).

Certain types of atoms, like uranium 235, can split. The splitting of those atoms is called nuclear fission.

Power generated inside the nuclear reactor is what creates steam to power a nuclear submarine.

The K-19 belongs to the "Hotel" class of Soviet nuclear submarines and is not combat worthy.

K-19 suffers a potential nuclear meltdown from cracks in the primary cooling tube.

If cracks are not repaired to contain the coolant, the K-19 could explode due to a meltdown.

The sailors sent to repair the leak suffer from radiation sickness and many of them die.

The captain searches for nearby submarines to take his radiation-sick sailors.

Because of Soviet secrecy, sailors who survive the K-19 radiation leak may not tell the true story about what happened.

The Karakoram Range near K2 (the world's second-highest mountain) provides scientists with unexpected tools to study the impact of climate change.

On 31 July 1954, two Italian men were getting closer to the summit of K-2.

In the immediate aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attacks - on December 7, 1941 - the U.S. government used the smallisland of Kahoolawe-off the shore of Maui- for training purposes.

Kamehameha I - also known as Kamehameha the Great -went on to have a very successful reign before he died in 1819.

Kapu are sacred rules that the Hawaiian's thought of as a religion.

When she was just a child, Katharina von Bora was sent to live in a convent (at Brehna, north of Leipzig) after her mother died. She later became the wife of Martin Luther.

Katherine Parr, who was the last wife of King Henry VIII, was one of his few queens who kept their heads.

This map depicts the main locations on Kauai, "The Garden Island" (also called the "Island of Discovery").

Poem on little things with great meaning.

Apollo 13 Command Module Pilot Thomas K. Mattingly never made the Apollo 13 Mission because he was exposed to German Measles. That actually turned out to be a good thing because he was able to figure-out how to help his crew members get back to Earth following a bad accident in space.

Ken Taylor, Canada's Ambassador to Iran, risked his own life to help six Americans escape from Tehran during the Iranian Hostage Crisis. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1981.

Not a trained radar analyst, Kermit Tyler, was nevertheless on duty during December 7, 1941 bombing at Pearl Harbor. Does he deserve blame for not recognizing the attack?

Poem on compromise by Carole Bos

Kidnapping is against the law today, but that was not always the case.

When the lawmakers are the lawbreakers, and a crime is not legally a crime, how can we trust the law?

The Catholic Church laws, in 19th-century Italy, legally allow baptized Jewish children to be taken from their families.

Edgardo Mortara is a Jewish child, living in a Papal State, who is legally removed from his home under canon laws regarding baptism.

Unknown to his Edgardo Mortara's parents, a Catholic servant girl working in the Mortara household baptizes the sick Edgardo when he is a young child.

Politics are changing when Edgardo Mortara is removed from his family, and the event makes world news.

Edgardo is taken from his parents, despite protests from his family and community.

Powerful allies are unable to reunite Edgardo with his parents.

The attention of Pope Pius IX, along with the splendor of Rome, sways Edgardo to stay.

Although his family continues to try to see him, Edgardo decides to remain with the Catholic Church.

The formerly widespread papal rule comes to an end in the late 19th century.

Edgardo chooses the Catholic Church over freedom and his family.

Even after liberation, Edgardo plans never to rejoin his family.

Edgardo, kidnapped from his Jewish family, becomes a well-educated, world-famous priest who credits the servant girl for saving him, and his Inquisitor is tried and found innocent.

An important question to ask: When lawmakers say a crime is not a crime, is the action still ethically a crime?

Reference locations in Rome provide background for the story of Edgardo Mortara and his kidnapping.

Poem between parent and child, by Jeannine Proulx.

King Arthur is based on a legendary leader from the Anglo-Saxon Wars in the early 6th century. Did he really live?

Begun in AD 122, Hadrian's Wall is a barrier that protectsRoman Britain from invaders.

To man its defenses, Rome builds forts at regular intervals along Hadrian's Wall, and some of them still remain today.

Britons seek help from Angles, Saxons, and Jutes to keep out invaders, but those invited foreigners soon become invading intruders.

The Anglo-Saxon attacks are harsh and frequent and the Britons are not able to stop them.

England gets its name from the large number of Angles who live in southern Britain; the area referred to as Angle-land.

Losing hope, many Britons flee the country and others yield to the Anglo-Saxons and become their slaves.

Ambrosius Aurelianus, a Roman, leads the Britons in battles against theAnglo-Saxons in the 5th century.

King Arthur, aRoman, leads the Britons in battles against theAnglo-Saxons in the early 6th century.